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DOI	10.1111/ele.12783
	Extinction and time help drive the marine-terrestrial biodiversity gradient: is the ocean a deathtrap?
	Miller E.C.; Wiens J.J.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	1461-023X
EISSN	1461-0248
卷号	20 期号:7
英文摘要	The marine-terrestrial richness gradient is among Earth's most dramatic biodiversity patterns, but its causes remain poorly understood. Here, we analyse detailed phylogenies of amniote clades, paleontological data and simulations to reveal the mechanisms underlying low marine richness, emphasising speciation, extinction and colonisation. We show that differences in diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) between habitats are often weak and inconsistent with observed richness patterns. Instead, the richness gradient is explained by limited time for speciation in marine habitats, since all extant marine clades are relatively young. Paleontological data show that older marine invasions have consistently ended in extinction. Simulations show that marine extinctions help drive the pattern of young, depauperate marine clades. This role for extinction is not discernible from molecular phylogenies alone, and not predicted by most previously hypothesised explanations for this gradient. Our results have important implications for the marine-terrestrial biodiversity gradient, and studies of biodiversity gradients in general. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS
英文关键词	Amniotes; diversification rates; extinction; marine-terrestrial gradient; species richness; time-for-speciation
学科领域	Amniota; aquatic species; biodiversity; ecosystem; phylogeny; sea; species differentiation; species extinction; time factor; Aquatic Organisms; Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Extinction, Biological; Genetic Speciation; Oceans and Seas; Phylogeny; Time Factors
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Amniota; aquatic species; biodiversity; ecosystem; phylogeny; sea; species differentiation; species extinction; time factor; Aquatic Organisms; Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Extinction, Biological; Genetic Speciation; Oceans and Seas; Phylogeny; Time Factors
来源期刊	Ecology Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118370
作者单位	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721–0088, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Miller E.C.,Wiens J.J.. Extinction and time help drive the marine-terrestrial biodiversity gradient: is the ocean a deathtrap?[J],2017,20(7).
APA	Miller E.C.,&Wiens J.J..(2017).Extinction and time help drive the marine-terrestrial biodiversity gradient: is the ocean a deathtrap?.Ecology Letters,20(7).
MLA	Miller E.C.,et al."Extinction and time help drive the marine-terrestrial biodiversity gradient: is the ocean a deathtrap?".Ecology Letters 20.7(2017).