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DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.018
	Domestic and industrial water uses of the past 60 years as a mirror of socio-economic development: A global simulation study
	Flörke M.; Kynast E.; Bärlund I.; Eisner S.; Wimmer F.; Alcamo J.
发表日期	2013
ISSN	0959-3780
卷号	23 期号:1
英文摘要	To enhance global water use assessment, the WaterGAP3 model was improved for back-calculating domestic, manufacturing and thermoelectric water uses until 1950 for 177 countries. Model simulations were carried-out on a national scale to estimate water withdrawals and consumption as well as cooling water required for industrial processes and electricity production. Additionally, the amount of treated and untreated wastewater as generated by the domestic and manufacturing sectors was modeled. In the view of data availability, model simulations are based on key socio-economic driving forces and thermal electricity production. Technological change rates were derived from statistical records in order to consider developments in water use efficiency, which turned out to have a crucial role in water use dynamics. Simulated domestic and industrial water uses increased from ca. 300km3 in 1950 to 1345km3 in 2010, 12% of which were consumed and 88% of which were discharged back into freshwater bodies. The amount of domestic and manufacturing wastewater increased considerably over the last decade, but only half of it was untreated. The downscaling of the untreated wastewater volume to river basin scale indicates a matter of concern in East and Southeast Asia, Northern Africa, and Eastern and Southern Europe. In order to reach the Millennium Development Goals, securing water supply and the reduction of untreated wastewater discharges should be amongst the priority actions to be undertaken. Population growth and increased prosperity have led to increasing water demands. However, societal and political transformation processes as well as policy regulations resulting in new water-saving technologies and improvements counteract this development by slowing down and even reducing global domestic and industrial water uses. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
英文关键词	Domestic; Manufacturing; Thermoelectric; Wastewater; Water use; WaterGAP
学科领域	cooling water; discharge; downscaling; economic growth; electricity generation; global perspective; industrial production; Millenium Development Goal; numerical model; political change; population growth; river basin; socioeconomic conditions; technological change; thermal power; wastewater; water demand; water management; water planning; water resource; water supply; water use; water use efficiency; Africa; Asia; Europe
语种	英语
scopus关键词	cooling water; discharge; downscaling; economic growth; electricity generation; global perspective; industrial production; Millenium Development Goal; numerical model; political change; population growth; river basin; socioeconomic conditions; technological change; thermal power; wastewater; water demand; water management; water planning; water resource; water supply; water use; water use efficiency; Africa; Asia; Europe
来源期刊	Global Environmental Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/117975
作者单位	Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Flörke M.,Kynast E.,Bärlund I.,et al. Domestic and industrial water uses of the past 60 years as a mirror of socio-economic development: A global simulation study[J],2013,23(1).
APA	Flörke M.,Kynast E.,Bärlund I.,Eisner S.,Wimmer F.,&Alcamo J..(2013).Domestic and industrial water uses of the past 60 years as a mirror of socio-economic development: A global simulation study.Global Environmental Change,23(1).
MLA	Flörke M.,et al."Domestic and industrial water uses of the past 60 years as a mirror of socio-economic development: A global simulation study".Global Environmental Change 23.1(2013).