气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Rights to carbon and payments for services rendered under REDD+: Options for the case of Mexico

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.015
	Rights to carbon and payments for services rendered under REDD+: Options for the case of Mexico
	Skutsch M.; Simon C.; Velazquez A.; Fernández J.C.
发表日期	2013
ISSN	0959-3780
卷号	23 期号:4
英文摘要	Mexico is relatively advanced in its preparation for international policy on Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) and has many of the pre-conditions needed to support a community approach in the implementation of a national REDD+ programme, particularly as regards tenure of forests and experience with community forest management and PES schemes, although these conditions do not pertain everywhere. One critical issue that is yet to be resolved concerns rights to carbon credits and distribution of the financial benefits flowing from REDD+. We demonstrate that attribution of carbon credits from reduced deforestation and degradation at the community level is virtually impossible from a technical viewpoint, since these credits are counterfactual. Payments based on assessment of performance of each community in terms of such reductions would moreover be inequitable and inefficient. Flat rate payments in return for agreed improvements in management are likely to be more motivating and much easier to administer. However, increases in carbon stock (forest enhancement) can be physically measured on site, and could be more easily attributed to each individual community. We therefore propose a system in which reduced deforestation and degradation are considered environmental services, with credits accruing to national government. The financial value of the credits may be used to finance flat rate payments to communities who agree to implement improved management. On the other hand, credits for forest enhancement, which reflect measurable increases in carbon in the communities' trees, would be considered environmental goods. These should be considered the direct property of the owners of the forest (in the same sense as wood or poles) and it would be possible for communities to sell these credits themselves. We acknowledge however that many other problems face implementation of REDD+ in Mexico, and provide a number of important examples. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
英文关键词	Carbon rights; Community forestry; Distribution of benefits; Forest enhancement; PES; Tenure
学科领域	community forestry; community resource management; deforestation; emission control; emissions trading; environmental degradation; environmental economics; environmental policy; financial provision; forest management; incentive; international agreement; ownership; policy implementation; tenure system; Mexico [North America]
语种	英语
scopus关键词	community forestry; community resource management; deforestation; emission control; emissions trading; environmental degradation; environmental economics; environmental policy; financial provision; forest management; incentive; international agreement; ownership; policy implementation; tenure system; Mexico [North America]
来源期刊	Global Environmental Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/117937
作者单位	Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ex hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia Campus, Antigua carretera a Patzcuaro 8701, CP 58190 Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico; Climate Change/REDD+ Consultant, Av. Bernardo Quintana 405, La Loma, CP 01210 México, DF, Mexico; Comisión Nacional Forestal, Periférico Poniente 5360, Col. San Juan de Ocotan, CP 45019 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Skutsch M.,Simon C.,Velazquez A.,et al. Rights to carbon and payments for services rendered under REDD+: Options for the case of Mexico[J],2013,23(4).
APA	Skutsch M.,Simon C.,Velazquez A.,&Fernández J.C..(2013).Rights to carbon and payments for services rendered under REDD+: Options for the case of Mexico.Global Environmental Change,23(4).
MLA	Skutsch M.,et al."Rights to carbon and payments for services rendered under REDD+: Options for the case of Mexico".Global Environmental Change 23.4(2013).