气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Exploring the economic case for climate action in cities

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DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.07.009
	Exploring the economic case for climate action in cities
	Gouldson A.; Colenbrander S.; Sudmant A.; McAnulla F.; Kerr N.; Sakai P.; Hall S.; Papargyropoulou E.; Kuylenstierna J.
发表日期	2015
ISSN	0959-3780
卷号	35
英文摘要	There is increasing interest in the potential of cities to contribute to climate mitigation. Multiple assessments have evaluated the scale and composition of urban GHG emissions, while others have evaluated some aspects of urban mitigation potential. However, assessments of mitigation potential tend to be broadly focused, few if any have evaluated urban mitigation potential on a measure-by-measure basis, and fewer still have considered the economic case for investing in these measures. This is a significant knowledge gap as an economic case for action could be critical in building political commitment, strengthening institutional capacities, securing large-scale finance and targeting investment and implementation in cities. In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis of the results of five recently completed studies that examined the economic case for investing in low-carbon measures in five cities: Leeds in the UK, Kolkata in India, Lima in Peru, Johor Bahru in Malaysia and Palembang in Indonesia. The results demonstrate that there is a compelling economic case for cities in both developed and developing country contexts to invest, at scale, in cost-effective low-carbon measures. The results suggest that these investments could generate significant reductions (in the range of 15-24% relative to business-as-usual trends) in urban carbon emissions over the next 10 years. Securing these savings would require an average investment of $3.2 billion per city, which if spread over 10 years equates to 0.4-0.9% of city GDP per year. However, the savings generated in the form of reduced energy bills would be equivalent to between 1.7% and 9.5% of annual city-scale GDP, and the average payback period of investments would be approximately 2 years at commercial interest rates. We provisionally estimate that if these findings were replicated and similar investments were made in cities globally, then they could generate reductions equivalent to 10-18% of global energy-related GHG emissions in 2025. While the studies offer some grounds for optimism, they also raise important questions about the barriers to change that prevent these economically attractive options from being exploited and about the scope for mitigation based on the exploitation of only the economically attractive options. We therefore discuss the institutional capacities, policy environments and financing arrangements that need to be developed before even these economically attractive opportunities can be exploited. We also demonstrate that, in rapidly growing cities, the carbon savings from such investments could be quickly overwhelmed - in as little as 7 years - by the impacts of sustained population and economic growth. We conclude by highlighting the need to build capacities that enable the exploitation not only of the economically attractive options in the short term but also of those deeper and more structural changes that are likely to be needed in the longer term. © 2015 The Authors.
英文关键词	Carbon; Cities; Climate; Economics; Mitigation
学科领域	carbon emission; climate effect; economic growth; global climate; greenhouse gas; Gross Domestic Product; investment; spatiotemporal analysis; urban area; England; India; Indonesia; Johor; Johor Bahru; Kolkata; Leeds [England]; Lima [Peru]; Malaysia; Palembang; Peru; South Sumatra; United Kingdom; West Bengal; West Malaysia
语种	英语
scopus关键词	carbon emission; climate effect; economic growth; global climate; greenhouse gas; Gross Domestic Product; investment; spatiotemporal analysis; urban area; England; India; Indonesia; Johor; Johor Bahru; Kolkata; Leeds [England]; Lima [Peru]; Malaysia; Palembang; Peru; South Sumatra; United Kingdom; West Bengal; West Malaysia
来源期刊	Global Environmental Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/117421
作者单位	ESRC Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia; Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gouldson A.,Colenbrander S.,Sudmant A.,et al. Exploring the economic case for climate action in cities[J],2015,35.
APA	Gouldson A..,Colenbrander S..,Sudmant A..,McAnulla F..,Kerr N..,...&Kuylenstierna J..(2015).Exploring the economic case for climate action in cities.Global Environmental Change,35.
MLA	Gouldson A.,et al."Exploring the economic case for climate action in cities".Global Environmental Change 35(2015).