气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900

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DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.003
	From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900–2015
	Krausmann F.; Lauk C.; Haas W.; Wiedenhofer D.
发表日期	2018
ISSN	0959-3780
起始页码	131
结束页码	140
卷号	52
英文摘要	The size and structure of the socioeconomic metabolism are key for the planet's sustainability. In this article, we provide a consistent assessment of the development of material flows through the global economy in the period 1900–2015 using material flow accounting in combination with results from dynamic stock-flow modelling. Based on this approach, we can trace materials from extraction to their use, their accumulation in in-use stocks and finally to outflows of wastes and emissions and provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of societies metabolism during global industrialization. This enables outlooks on inflows and outflows, which environmental policy makers require for pursuing strategies towards a more sustainable resource use. Over the whole time period, we observe a growth in global material extraction by a factor of 12 to 89 Gt/yr. A shift from materials for dissipative use to stock building materials resulted in a massive increase of in-use stocks of materials to 961 Gt in 2015. Since materials increasingly accumulate in stocks, outflows of wastes are growing at a slower pace than inputs. In 2015, outflows amounted to 58 Gt/yr, of which 35% were solid wastes and 25% emissions, the reminder being excrements, dissipative use and water vapor. Our results indicate a significant acceleration of global material flows since the beginning of the 21st century. We show that this acceleration, which took off in 2002, was not a short-term phenomenon but continues since more than a decade. Between 2002 and 2015, global material extraction increased by 53% in spite of the 2008 economic crisis. Based on detailed data on material stocks and flows and information on their long-term historic development, we make a rough estimate of what a global convergence of metabolic patterns at the current level in industrialized countries paired with a continuation of past efficiency gains might imply for global material demand. We find that in such a scenario until 2050 average global metabolic rates double to 22 t/cap/yr and material extraction increases to around 218 Gt/yr. Overall the analysis indicates a grand challenge calling for urgent action, fostering a continuous and considerable reduction of material flows to acceptable levels. © 2018 The Authors
英文关键词	Dematerialization; Great acceleration; In-use material stocks; Material flow accounting; Sustainable resource use; Waste and emissions
学科领域	demand analysis; emission; environmental economics; environmental policy; global economy; industrialization; material flow analysis; policy making; resource use; socioeconomic conditions; solid waste; sustainability; waste
语种	英语
scopus关键词	demand analysis; emission; environmental economics; environmental policy; global economy; industrialization; material flow analysis; policy making; resource use; socioeconomic conditions; solid waste; sustainability; waste
来源期刊	Global Environmental change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/117108
作者单位	Institute of Social Ecology (SEC), Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Schottenfeldgasse 29, Wien, 1070, Austria
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Krausmann F.,Lauk C.,Haas W.,等. From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900–2015[J],2018,52.
APA	Krausmann F.,Lauk C.,Haas W.,&Wiedenhofer D..(2018).From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900–2015.Global Environmental change,52.
MLA	Krausmann F.,et al."From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900–2015".Global Environmental change 52(2018).