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DOI	10.1007/s11356-013-2197-5
	Ionic composition of wet precipitation over the southern slope of central Himalayas, Nepal
	Tripathee, Lekhendra; Kang, Shichang; Huang, Jie; Sillanpaa, Mika; Sharma, Chhatra Mani; Luethi, Zoe Lucia; Guo, Junming; Paudyal, Rukumesh
发表日期	2014
ISSN	0944-1344
EISSN	1614-7499
卷号	21 期号:4
英文摘要	Severe atmospheric pollution transported to Himalayas from South Asia may affect fragile ecosystem and can be harmful for human health in the region. In order to understand the atmospheric chemistry in the southern slope of central Himalayas, where the data is limited, precipitation has been sampled at four sites: Kathmandu (1,314 m), Dhunche (2, 065 m), Dimsa (3,078 m), and Gosainkunda (4,417 m) in Nepal for over a 1-year period characterized by an urban, rural, and remote sites, respectively. HCO3- is the dominant anion, while the NH4+ is the dominant cation in precipitation at the four sites. Generally, most of ions (e. g., SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, HCO3-, and Ca2+) have higher concentrations in urban site compared to the rural sites. Neutralization factor calculation showed that precipitation in the region is highly neutralized by NH4+ and Ca2+. Empirical orthogonal function and correlation analysis indicated that the precipitation chemistry was mostly influenced by crustal, anthropogenic, and marine sources in Nepal. Among different sites, urban area was mostly influenced by anthropogenic inputs and crustal dusts, whereas remote sites were mostly from marine and crustal sources. Seasonal variations show higher ionic concentrations during non-monsoon seasons mainly due to limited precipitation amount. On the other hand, lower ionic concentrations were observed during monsoon season when higher amount of precipitation washes out aerosols. Thus, precipitation chemistry from this work can provide a useful database to evaluate atmospheric environment and its impacts on ecosystem in the southern slope of central Himalayas, Nepal.
关键词	Major ions Precipitation Seasonal variation Spatial variations Nepal Central Himalayas
学科领域	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences
来源期刊	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/111724
作者单位	Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Tripathee, Lekhendra,Kang, Shichang,Huang, Jie,et al. Ionic composition of wet precipitation over the southern slope of central Himalayas, Nepal[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2014,21(4).
APA	Tripathee, Lekhendra.,Kang, Shichang.,Huang, Jie.,Sillanpaa, Mika.,Sharma, Chhatra Mani.,...&Paudyal, Rukumesh.(2014).Ionic composition of wet precipitation over the southern slope of central Himalayas, Nepal.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH,21(4).
MLA	Tripathee, Lekhendra,et al."Ionic composition of wet precipitation over the southern slope of central Himalayas, Nepal".ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 21.4(2014).