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DOI10.1029/2019GL082750
Variability of Acoustically Evidenced Methane Bubble Emissions Offshore Western Svalbard
Veloso-Alarcon, Mario E.1,2,3; Janson, Paer4; De Batiste, Marc2; Minshulls, Timothy A.5; Westbrook, Graham K.6; Paelike, Heiko5; Bunz, Stefan4; Wright, Ian7; Greinert, Jens1,2,8
发表日期2019
ISSN0094-8276
EISSN1944-8007
卷号46期号:15页码:9072-9081
英文摘要

Large reservoirs of methane present in Arctic marine sediments are susceptible to rapid warming, promoting increasing methane emissions. Gas bubbles in the water column can be detected, and flow rates can be quantified using hydroacoustic survey methods, making it possible to monitor spatiotemporal variability. We present methane (CH4) bubble flow rates derived from hydroacoustic data sets acquired during 11 research expeditions to the western Svalbard continental margin (2008-2014). Three seepage areas emit in total 725-1,125 t CH4/year, and bubble fluxes are up to 2 kg.m(-2).year (-1). Bubble fluxes vary between different surveys, but no clear trend can be identified. Flux variability analyses suggest that two areas are geologically interconnected, displaying alternating flow changes. Spatial migration of bubble seepage was observed to follow seasonal changes in the theoretical landward limit of the hydrate stability zone, suggesting that formation/dissociation of shallow hydrates, modulated by bottom water temperatures, influences seafloor bubble release.


Plain Language Summary It has been speculated that the release of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) from the seafloor in some Arctic Ocean regions is triggered by warming seawater. Emissions of gas bubbles from the seafloor can be detected by ship-mounted sonars. In 2008, a methane seepage area west of Svalbard was hydroacoustically detected for the first time. This seepage was hypothesized to be caused by dissociation of hydrates (ice-like crystals consisting of methane and water) due to ocean warming. We present an analysis of sonar data from 11 surveys conducted between 2008 and 2014. This study is the first comparison of methane seepage-related hydroacoustic data over such a long period. The hydroacoustic mapping and quantification method allowed us to assess the locations and intensity of gas bubble release, and how these parameters change over time, providing necessary data for numerical flux and climate models. No trend of increasing gas flow was identified. However, we observed seasonal variations potentially controlled by seasonal formation and dissociation of shallow hydrates. The hydrate formation/dissociation process is likely controlled by changes of bottom water temperatures. Alternating gas emissions between two neighboring areas indicate the existence of fluid pathway networks within the sediments.


WOS研究方向Geology
来源期刊GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/101961
作者单位1.GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany;
2.Univ Ghent, Renard Ctr Marine Geol, Ghent, Belgium;
3.Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ingn, Villa Del Mar, Chile;
4.UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Geosci, Ctr Arctic Gas Hydrate Environm & Climate, Tromso, Norway;
5.Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England;
6.Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Edgbaston, England;
7.Univ Canterbury, Vice Chancellors Off, Christchurch, New Zealand;
8.Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, Kiel, Germany
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Veloso-Alarcon, Mario E.,Janson, Paer,De Batiste, Marc,et al. Variability of Acoustically Evidenced Methane Bubble Emissions Offshore Western Svalbard[J],2019,46(15):9072-9081.
APA Veloso-Alarcon, Mario E..,Janson, Paer.,De Batiste, Marc.,Minshulls, Timothy A..,Westbrook, Graham K..,...&Greinert, Jens.(2019).Variability of Acoustically Evidenced Methane Bubble Emissions Offshore Western Svalbard.GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,46(15),9072-9081.
MLA Veloso-Alarcon, Mario E.,et al."Variability of Acoustically Evidenced Methane Bubble Emissions Offshore Western Svalbard".GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 46.15(2019):9072-9081.
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