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DOI | 10.3389/fmars.2019.00451 |
A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System | |
Lee, Craig M.1; Starkweather, Sandy2,3; Eicken, Hajo4; Timmermans, Mary-Louise5; Wilkinson, Jeremy6; Sandven, Stein7; Dukhovskoy, Dmitry8; Gerland, Sebastian9; Grebmeier, Jacqueline10; Intrieri, Janet M.3; Kang, Sung-Ho11; McCammon, Molly12; Nguyen, An T.13; Polyakov, Igor4; Rabe, Benjamin14; Sagen, Hanne7; Seeyave, Sophie15; Volkov, Denis16,17; Beszczynska-Moller, Agnieszka18; Chafik, Leon19,20; Dzieciuch, Matthew21; Goni, Gustavo16; Hamre, Torill7; King, Andrew Luke22; Olsen, Are23; Raj, Roshin P.7; Rossby, Thomas24; Skagseth, Oystein25; Soiland, Henrik25; Sorensen, Kai22 | |
发表日期 | 2019 |
EISSN | 2296-7745 |
卷号 | 6 |
英文摘要 | Rapid Arctic warming drives profound change in the marine environment that have significant socio-economic impacts within the Arctic and beyond, including climate and weather hazards, food security, transportation, infrastructure planning and resource extraction. These concerns drive efforts to understand and predict Arctic environmental change and motivate development of an Arctic Region Component of the Global Ocean Observing System (ARCGOOS) capable of collecting the broad, sustained observations needed to support these endeavors. This paper provides a roadmap for establishing the ARCGOOS. ARCGOOS development must be underpinned by a broadly endorsed framework grounded in high-level policy drivers and the scientific and operational objectives that stem from them. This should be guided by a transparent, internationally accepted governance structure with recognized authority and organizational relationships with the national agencies that ultimately execute network plans. A governance model for ARCGOOS must guide selection of objectives, assess performance and fitness-to-purpose, and advocate for resources. A requirements-based framework for an ARCGOOS begins with the Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs) that underpin the system. SBAs motivate investments and define the system's science and operational objectives. Objectives can then be used to identify key observables and their scope. The domains of planning/policy, strategy, and tactics define scope ranging from decades and basins to focused observing with near real time data delivery. Patterns emerge when this analysis is integrated across an appropriate set of SBAs and science/operational objectives, identifying impactful variables and the scope of the measurements. When weighted for technological readiness and logistical feasibility, this can be used to select Essential ARCGOOS Variables, analogous to Essential Ocean Variables of the Global Ocean Observing System. The Arctic presents distinct needs and challenges, demanding novel observing strategies. Cost, traceability and ability to integrate region-specific knowledge have to be balanced, in an approach that builds on existing and new observing infrastructure. ARCGOOS should benefit from established data infrastructures following the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reuseable Principles to ensure preservation and sharing of data and derived products. Linking to the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) process and involving Arctic stakeholders, for example through liaison with the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), can help ensure success. |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Marine & Freshwater Biology |
来源期刊 | FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
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文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/101772 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA; 2.Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 3.NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA; 4.Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA; 5.Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA; 6.British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England; 7.Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway; 8.Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; 9.Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway; 10.Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD USA; 11.Korean Polar Res Inst, Incheon, South Korea; 12.Alaska Ocean Observing Syst, Anchorage, AK USA; 13.Univ Texas Austin, Oder Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA; 14.Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Bremerhaven, Germany; 15.Plymouth Marine Lab, Partnership Observat Global Oceans, Plymouth, Devon, England; 16.NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA; 17.Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA; 18.Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland; 19.Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden; 20.Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden; 21.Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA USA; 22.Norwegian Inst Water Res, Marine Biogeochem & Oceanog, Oslo, Norway; 23.Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway; 24.Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA; 25.Inst Marine Res, Oceanog & Climate, Bergen, Norway |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Lee, Craig M.,Starkweather, Sandy,Eicken, Hajo,et al. A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System[J],2019,6. |
APA | Lee, Craig M..,Starkweather, Sandy.,Eicken, Hajo.,Timmermans, Mary-Louise.,Wilkinson, Jeremy.,...&Sorensen, Kai.(2019).A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System.FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE,6. |
MLA | Lee, Craig M.,et al."A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System".FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 6(2019). |
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